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low dose naltrexone: cheap generic drug cure for autoimmune disorders; and cancers, some arthritises, psoriasis, etc etc etc
Topic Started: Oct 17 2010, 11:42 AM (2,543 Views)
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wathap2u
Oct 17 2010, 07:23 PM
Is it legal or just legal for Heroin addicts or Opium addicts ?

My god the pill looks just like the pill Morpheus offered NEO. Then NEO woke up and the machine came to NEO but did not destroy him but the machine knew NEO was no longer useful as a power source because he was aware of the truth then flushed him down the toilet.
it is legal to be prescribed for anything your doctor sees fit to prescribe it for, because there are so many illnesses that ldn can cure that since the larger 50 mg dose is already prescription, it is just a matter of finding a doctor who is aware of it and sending away to a compounding pharmacy

neo was a great character in the first film and i was really impressed by it; but the two sequels just seemed to be so much tacked on crap and fight scenes...maybe to water down the effect that the original was having on people
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phenytoin electrically stabilizes the brain and nervous systems and other cellular systems' electrical activity down to the individual dendrite level and their are ten trillion cells in the body...which may explain how my brain and other body parts are reacting to music, because the sounds that are transmitted from the eardrums are electrical signals as they get fed into the brain

http://www.remarkablemedicine.com/Medicine/observations.html

Observations on PHT

It used to be that the word drug had a solid respectable meaning. But in recent years drug and abuse have been put together in the same sentence so often, without discrimination, that the word drug has come into disrepute. It’s confusing, and a shame. Today people brag, just before they ascend, “I never took a drug in my life.” As if St. Peter cared. Good drugs are a cheerful feature of our society. We should stop tarring them with the same brush we use on the bad ones and be grateful for them. With this general comment off my chest I would like to make some observations about PHT.

PHT would appear to be the most broadly useful drug in our pharmacopoeia (unless another is hidden in the literature). Paradoxically, this valuable feature, this versatility, has interfered with our understanding of the drug. The idea that one substance can have as many uses as PHT has been difficult to accept. And this is understandable. Not too long ago the thinking was a single drug for a single disorder.

A discussion of the basic mechanisms of action of PHT will help us understand how one drug can have so many uses. A basic mechanism of action study was the first study to demonstrate that PHT might be a therapeutic substance. In 1938 Putnam and Merritt tested PHT on cats in which convulsions were induced by electricity. Of a large group of substances, including the best-known anticonvulsants, it was the most effective in controlling the convulsions. Putnam and Merritt said, Eureka! Maybe we have a superior antiepileptic drug.

They did. And not only was PHT the most effective anticonvulsant but it was found to have another remarkable property. Unlike previously used substances it achieved its therapy without sedation. Let’s go back to Putnam and Merritt’s original study and apply hindsight. Suppose, instead of inferring that PHT would help the epileptic, Putnam and Merritt had drawn a broader inference from their data. Suppose they had inferred that PHT worked against inappropriate electrical activity. That also would have been a correct inference—but with far broader implications. And the properties of PHT would not have been obscured by the label “anticonvulsant.” Today basic mechanism scientists use broad terminology for PHT. They refer to it as a membrane stabilizer.

From the early basic mechanisms study of Toman, in 1949, PHT has been found to correct inappropriate electrical activity in groups of cells, and in individual cells. This includes nerve cells, brain cells, muscle cells—in fact, all types of cells that exhibit marked electrical activity. Whether a cell is made hyperexcitable by electrical impulse, calcium withdrawal, oxygen withdrawal, or by poisons, PHT has been shown to counteract this excitability. Further, it has been demonstrated that, in amounts that correct abnormal cell function, PHT does not affect normal function. (See The Broad Range of Clinical Use of Phenytoin—Basic Mechanisms of Action.)

When we understand that PHT is a substance that stabilizes the hyperactive cell, without affecting normal cell function, we see its therapeutic potential in the human body, a machine that runs on electrical impulse. It is estimated that there are a trillion cells in the body, tens of billions in the brain alone. Thinking is an electrical process, the rhythms of the heart are electrically regulated, the rhythms of the gut are electrically regulated, muscle movement is electrically regulated, messages of pain are electrically referred, and more.

It’s important to know that after a cell has been stimulated to fire a few times it becomes potentiated, easier to fire than a normal cell. This is called post-tetanic potentiation. If the stimulation is continued, the cell starts to fire on its own, and continues to fire until its energy is depleted—post-tetanic afterdischarge. PHT has a modifying effect on post-tetanic potentiation and a correcting effect on post-tetanic afterdischarge. This may account for PHT’s therapeutic effect on persistent and repetitive thinking and on unnecessary repetitive messages of pain.

PHT has a number of properties that set it apart from most substances. For ten distinctive characteristics see The Broad Range of Clinical Use of Phenytoin. For purposes here we should consider several of these properties. PHT is a nonhabit-forming substance. (This is not to be confused with the well-known fact that a person with epilepsy should not abruptly discontinue PHT.) The desirability of a nonhabit-forming drug that can calm and also relieve pain is apparent—it may be particularly useful during withdrawal from habit-forming substances.

PHT, in therapeutic amounts, has a calming effect without being a sedative. This characteristic is unusual, and clinical observations, supported by basic mechanisms studies, show that PHT does not affect normal function. Not only does PHT not sedate but it has been shown to improve concentration and effect a return of energy. This can be attributed, at least in part, to the fact that an overactive brain (hyperexcitable cells) wastes energy compounds. (PHT has been shown to increase energy compounds in the brain. See The Broad Range of Clinical Use of Phenytoin—Basic Mechanisms of Action.) One can conjecture that when thoughts with negative emotions are diminished, the effect of these “down” emotions is eliminated, and “psychic” energy may return.

Now that preventive medicine is being given more and more consideration, PHT may be of special interest because of its general properties and its versatility. PHT, as do other drugs, has side effects. Safety and Toxicology of PHT is reviewed in The Broad Range of Clinical Use of Phenytoin. A replication of Parke-Davis’s package insert is included in the Physicians’ Desk Reference. It should be noted that PHT is not on the government’s list of Controlled Drugs.

PHT can be used on a regular basis or on an occasional basis by the nonepileptic—depending on need. In the nonepileptic, effective doses tend to be lower than those used for epilepsy. The reader is reminded that PHT is a prescription drug and should be obtained from a physician.

When the Dreyfus Medical Foundation was preparing The Broad Range of Clinical Use of Phenytoin, in 1970, there were many published studies to draw on—1,900 by the time of publication. Seven hundred and fifty references were selected and over 300 of them were summarized. These summaries were presented chronologically in order to show in sequence how the information about PHT developed.

Five years later when PHT, 1975 was published, there were more than twice the number of studies to review, and the interrelationship between the clinical effects and basic mechanisms of action of PHT was in better perspective. In this bibliography the medical material was arranged according to subject matter for the convenience of the reader. Examples of this are found under such headings as Stabilization of Bioelectrical Activity, Anti-anoxic Effects, Antitoxic Effects, Treatment of Pain, and others.

As an instance, under Anti-anoxic Effects of PHT, ten studies are grouped. (This was in 1975. In the present Bibliography, there are forty-one studies.) They were published in nine different journals, over a span of twenty years. Each of them is interesting but, by itself, would not carry much weight. But when these studies are reviewed together, the evidence that PHT has an offsetting effect against oxygen lack in animals is highly significant.

These basic studies furnish rationale for the clinical findings first made by Shulman in 1942, New England Journal of Medicine, that PHT is effective in asthma—and other studies in asthma, by Sayer and Polvan, Lancet (1968), and Shah, Vora, Karkhanis, and Talwalkar, Indian Journal of Chest Diseases (1970). (The latter authors give an additional rationale, PHT’s potential usefulness against the paroxysmal outbursts of asthma by its ability to stop repetitive afterdischarge.) They also furnish rationale for exploration of new uses.
Exploration of Possible New Uses

Since Putnam and Merritt’s discoveries in 1938 that phenytoin was a therapeutic substance, a steadily increasing number of uses for it have been found. The probabilities are high that there are more to come. Evidence from existing clinical and basic mechanisms of action studies furnishes clues for further exploration.

PHT has been reported effective in a wide variety of severely painful conditions. Its usefulness as a nonhabit-forming analgesic in many forms of pain has been established. (See The Broad Range of Clinical Use of Phenytoin.) The antiahypoxic effects of PHT point to its possible usefulness in stroke, emphysema, shock, and, in fact, in any condition where oxygen lack is a problem. There are a number of references in the literature to beneficial effects of PHT on hypertension. Recently, in a study of mildly hypertensive patients, treatment with PHT was reported effective. (See The Broad Range of Clinical Use of Phenytoin.) Further study of PHT in hypertension, both by itself and in combination with hypertensive drugs, seems indicated.

A use of PHT that has received little attention, and that may have great potential, is its use topically, for the treatment of pain and for the promotion of healing.

Systemic PHT has been reported useful in healing in a variety of disorders—in leg ulcers, stomach ulcers, scleroderma, pruritus ani, and epidermolysis bullosa. (See The Broad Range of Clinical Use of Phenytoin.) The foregoing was written sixteen years ago. Since then there has been substantial evidence from at least six countries that, used topically, PHT is rapidly effective against the pain of burns, ulcers, wounds and other surface conditions, and that it speeds healing time. In recent years, its effectiveness against intractable ulcers of leprosy has been established.



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phenytoin modulates pain signals from diverse causes such as diabetic neuropathy, migraines, and multiple sclerosis...for like $8 a month

dreyfus is right, this country needs this product...i have seen $3000 devices with infrared leds that can't cure diabetic neuropathy, just dampen the painful effects for a little while

http://www.remarkablemedicine.com/Clinical/clinicaluses/paintreatment/otherpain.html

Other Pain and Neuralgias

Neuropathy

Skeleton III and Khouzam Skeleton, Southern Medical Journal (1991), 3247 conducted a pilot study to determine the effectiveness of phenytoin and carbamazepine in the treatment of chronic painful thiamine deficiency neuropathy. For 12 patients, their painful neuropathy had been unrelieved by medications given over a 40-year period. All patients had electromyography and nerve conduction velocity studies. Patients were randomly assigned to be initially given phenytoin (100 mg qhs) or carbamazepine (200 mg qhs) with gradual dosage increases as tolerated. If unable to tolerate one medication, the patients were switched to the other. Seven patients continued on phenytoin and four on carbamazepine. One patient was unable to tolerate either medication and withdrew from the study. Over a 6-month period, the patients completed a weekly pain scale ranging from 1 to 10 with 1 representing barely noticeable pain at rest and 10 denoting incapacitating pain. For each of the 7 patients receiving phenytoin. the initial and final pain scale scores were as follows: 5-0, 6-3, 6-0, 5-1, 8-4, 8-3, and 8-4 . Two patients achieved complete relief. The average subjective initial pain score was 6.57 and the final average score was 2.14. For the 4 patients receiving carbamazepine, the initial and final scores were: 9-1, 8-0, 8-2, and 6-4. One patient received complete relief. The average initial score was 7.75 and the final score was 1.75. The authors report that their study showed carbamazepine and phenytoin to be effective (70% decrease) in relieving pain due to thiamine deficiency neuropathy.

3247. Skeleton, III, W.P. and Khouzam Skeleton, N., Neuroleptics in painful thiamine deficiency neuropathy, South Med. J., 84(11):1362-63, 1991.

Aldrete and Ghaly, Journal of Pain and Symptom Management (1994), 3248 describe a patient who was exposed transiently to a 220 V electrical current. Manifestations of sympathetically maintained pain (SMP) appeared on the right hand (entry point) 3 months later and on the left foot (exit point) after 11 months. Serial sympathetic blocks, oral phenytoin (200 mg bid), and intensive physical rehabilitation program were useful in treating this electrically induced SMP.

3248. Aldrete, J.A. and Ghaly, R., Delayed sympathetically maintained pain caused by electrical burn at the current's entry and exit sites, J. Pain Symp. Manage., 9(8):541-43, 1994.

See also Ref.

3249. Wiffen, P., McQuay, H., Carroll, D., Jadad, A., and Moore, A., Anticonvulsant drugs for the management of acute and chronic pain, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, 1998.

3250. Sindrup, S.H. and Jensen, T.S., Pharmacologic treatment of pain in polyneuropathy, Neurology, 55(7):915-920, 2000.

3251. Ross, E.L., The evolving role of antiepileptic drugs in treating neuropathic pain, Neurology, 55(S1):S41-S46, 2000.

3252. Tanelian, D.L. and Victory, R.A., Sodium channel-blocking agents, Pain Forum, 4(2):75-80, 1995.

3253. Jensen, T.S., Anticonvulsants in neuropathic pain: Rationale and clinical evidence, Eur. J. Pain, 6:61-68, 2002.

3254. Carter, G.T. and Galer, B.S., Advances in the management of neuropathic pain, Arch. Phys.Med. Rehabil., 12(2):447-459, 2001.

3255. Tremont-Lukats, I.W., Megeff, C. and Backonja, M.M., Anticonvulsants for neuropathic pain syndromes, Drugs, 60(5):1029-52, 2000.

3256. Chojnowska, E., Which intravenous sodium channel blocker for neuropathic pain? (Letter), Anesth. Analg., 90(4):1007-1008, 2000.

Diabetic Neuropathy

Ellenberg, New York State Journal of Medicine (1968),431 in a study of sixty diabetic patient, reported that PHT was effective in the treatment of pain paresthesias associated with neuropathy. Good to excellent results were observed in forty-one, fair results in ten, and none were worse.

431. Ellenberg, M., Treatment of diabetic neuropathy with diphenylhydantoin, New York J. Med., 68: 2653-2655, 1968.

Kannan, Dash and Rastogi, Journal of Diabetic Association of India (1978),1920 in a double-blind crossover study of sixteen patients with diabetic neuropathy, found that thirteen had significant relief of pain and /or paresthesia on 100 mg PT t.i.d.

1920. Kannan, K., Dash, R. J. and Rastogi, C. K., Evaluation of treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy with diphenylhydantoin, J. Diabetic Assoc. India, 18; 199-202, 1978.

Chadda and Mathur, Journal of the Association of Physicians in India (1978),1767 in a double-blind study with PHT found significant improvement in pain and paresthesia in twenty-eight of thirty-eight patients with diabetic neuropathy. The authors conclude that PHT is an effective and will-tolerated drug for the relief of pain in diabetic neuropathy, and is preferable to narcotics.

1767. Chadda, V. S. and Mathur, M. S., Double blind study of the effects of diphenyihydantoin sodium on diabetic neuropathy, J. Assoc. Phys. Ind., 26: 403-6, 1978.

See also Ref.

3257. Belgrade, M.J. and Lev, B.I., Diabetic neuropathy - helping patients cope with their pain, Postgrad. Med., 90(5): 263-70, 1991.

3258. Thomas, P.K. and Scadding, J.W., Treatment of pain in diabetic neuropathy, Diabetic Neuropathy, 216-22, Dyck, P.J., et al, Eds., W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1987.

Fabry’s Disease

Lockman, Hunninghake, Krivit and Desnick, Neurology (1973),1299 based on a double-blind study, report the effectiveness of PHT in the relief of the pain of Fabry’s disease, a rare lipid storage disorder. The authors state that the single most debilitating and morbid aspect of Fabry’s disease is the pain. Excruciating crises of abdominal, chest and muscle pain, as well as arthralgias and fever, may occur episodically and last several days. A double-blind cross over study with eight patients was conducted comparing PHT with aspirin and placebo. In the comparison, relief with PHT was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The authors note that the pain in Fabry’s disease is only partially relieved by narcotics at soporific doses.

1299. Lockman, L. A., Hunninghake, D. B., Krivit, W., and Desnick, R. J., Relief of pain of Fabry’s disease by diphenylhydantoin, Neurology, 23: 871-875, 1973.

Duperrat, Puissant, Saurat, Delanoe, Doyard and Grunfels, Annales de Dermatologie et de Syphiligraphie (1975),1813 described a twenty-three-year-old male patient who from birth had suffered from angiokeratomas and Fabry’s disease. Pain progressed in intensity over the years PHT (200 mg/day) resulted in complete disappearance of pain in less than a week. (See also Ref. 2352.)

1813. Duperrat, B., Puissant, A., Saurat, J. H., Delanoe, J., Doyard, P. A. and Grunfels, J. P., Fabry’s disease neonatal angiokeratomas. Effect of diphenylhydantoin on acute pain episodes, Ann. Derm. Syph. (Paris), 102(4): 392-3, 1975. 2352. Brady, R. O., King, F. M., Fabry’s disease, Peripheral Neuropathy, Vol. 2, Dyck, P. J., et al., Eds., W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 914-27, 1975.

Kumudchandra and Bernhard, Arthritis and Rheumatism (1979), 3259 describe a twenty-five year-old patient with confirmed Fabry disease. This patient had experienced joint pains and stiffness of shoulders, wrists, fingers and knees for six years. Salicylates and mild analgesics did not help, but codeine afforded some relief. Oral phenytoin treatment controlled the joint pains in both the patient and his mother, who also required treatment.

3259. Kumudchandra, J.S. and Bernhard, G.C., The arthropathy of Fabry disease, Arthritis Rheum., 22(7): 781-3, 1979.

Dysesthesia (Painful Touching)

Gerz, Physician’s Drug Manual (1972),1066 reports and unusual case of “painful touching” (dysesthesia) in which a forty-year-old male patient showed dramatic response to PHT. The patient reported that a painful, intolerable, cold stream would run all over his body when touched by human hands. Because of t extreme pain on being touched, he frequently became dangerous and violent, and wanted a certificate form the clinic stating that he suffered from a “mental problem.” He was tried on a variety of medications without success. Finally he was given PHT, 100mg t.i.d. within two weeks he was completely free of disturbing symptoms.

1066. Getz, H. O., Dilantin against “painful touching” (dysthesia), Physician’s Drug Manual, 3: 144, 1972

Tabes

Dattner, in the course of a discussion of a paper by Caveness, Adams, Pope and Wegner, Transactions of the American Neurological Association (1949),48 said that some patients with lightning pains in tabes showed a favorable response to PHT or Tridione.

48. Caveness, W., Adams, R. D., Pope, A., and Wegner, W. R., The role of the dorsal root ganglia in the production of the lancinating pains of central nervous system syphilis, Trans. Amer. Neurol. Assn., 60-64, 1949.

Braham and Saia, Lancet (1960),31 reported PHT effective in treating lightning pains in two cases of tabes.

31. Braham, J. and Saia, A., Phenytoin in the treatment of trigeminal and other neuralgias, Lancet, 2: 892-893, 1960.

Green, Neurology (1961),129 reported that PHT was administered to two patients with severe lightning pains due to tabes dorsalis. Remarkable relief was obtained in both cases.

129. Green, J. B., Dilantin in the treatment of lightning pains, Neurology, 11: 257-258, 1961.

Post-Herpetic Neuralgia

Reeve, Lancet (1961),611 reported that PHT was effective in four cases of post-herpetic neuralgia, and recommended that a trial of PHT precede more radical treatment.

611. Reeve, H. S., Phenytoin in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, Lancet, 1: 404, 1961.

Hallaq and Harris, Journal of American Osteopathic Association (1969),1116 give a detailed report on the successful use of PHT in a case of post-herpetic neuralgia, with motor paralysis of an extremity, a rare complication. The patient, a seventy-six-year-old woman, had persistent pain in the right upper extremity, causing the entire limb to assume a semiflexed and adducted position. Diagnosis after examination was post-herpetic right brachial neuralgia and monoparesis. After seven days in the hospital the patient was placed on PHT, 100 mg t.i.d. Within three days she was free of pain and remained so when narcotic analgesics were with drawn and an extra 100mg of PHT was added. The patient continued free of pain as long as she to PHT.

1116. Hallaq, I. Y. and Harris, J. D., The syndrome of postherpetic neuralgia: complication and an approach to therapy, Amer. Osteopath. Assoc., 68: 1265-1267, 1969.

Thomas and Muthuswami, Indian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology (1988), 3260 conducted a study to determine the usefulness of phenytoin for post-herpetic neuralgia. Thirty patients, all over 50 years old, with herpes zoster were treated with oral phenytoin 100 mg twice daily for ten days. The incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia was compared with that of post-herpetic neuralgia in another group of thirty patients treated with conventional analgesics, antacids, antihistamines and antibiotics. In the PHT-treated group, only six (20%) of the patients developed persistent neuralgia, as compared to twenty-four (80%) in the control group.

3260. Thomas, J. and Muthuswami, T.C., Diphenylhydantoin in post-herpetic neuralgia, Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol., 54: 303-304, 1988.

See also Ref.

3261. Thomas, J. and Muthuswami, T.C., Diphenylhydantoin in post-herpetic neuralgia - A controlled study, Presented at the XVIth National Conference of Indian Association of Dermatologists, Venereologists and Leprologists, Calcutta, India, 1988.

3262. Watson, P.N. and Evans, R.J., Postherpetic neuralgia - A review, Arch. Neurol., 43:836-40, 1986.

Refractory Chronic Pain

Gabka, Medizinische Monatsschrift (1963),113 reported PHT (100-300 mg/day), combined with 0.025 g of caffeine, as the most effective treatment for the relief of pain in 115 out of 142 patients. The painful conditions included recurring headaches, migraine, genuine and symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia, post-operative jaw and facial pain, and pain following extensive facial tumor surgery. The authors state that PHT was by far the best conservative therapy in the treatment of these types of recurring head and facial pain.

113. Gabka, J., On the therapy of idiopathic and symptomatic head and facial pains, Med. Mschr., 17: 430-443, 1963.

Raskin, Levinson, Pickett, Hoffman and Fields, American Journal of Surgery (1974),1444 as part of a larger study, reported that two of the patients with post-sympathectomy neuralgia, unresponsive to meperidine, had immediate relief with intravenous PHT.

1444. Raskin, N. H., Levinson, S. A., Pickett, J. B., Hoffman, P. M., and Fields, H. L., Postsympathectomy neuralgia, Amer. Surg., 128: 75-78, 1974.

Taguchi, Watanabe and Ioku, Neurologia Medico Chirurgica (Tokyo) (1981),2998 reported a patient with bulbar syringomyelia who developed severe, intractable pain and paresthesias in her legs, abdomen and chest after cervical laminectomy. She also developed muscle spasms of her upper body. PHT, 250 mg/day, stopped both the pain and muscle spasms.

2998. Taguchi, K., Watanabe, M., Ioku, M., A case of syringomyelia: electrophysiological analysis and treatment for attacks of periodical spasms and intractable pain, Neurol. Med. Chir., 21: 135-42, 1981.

Swerdlow, Clinical Neuropharmalcology (1984),2997 reviewed a series of 200 patients with various types of refractory chronic lancinating or paroxysmal pain. The etiologies of the pain included post-laminectomy, post-traumatic, post-herpetic, post-operative, and post-amputation neuralgias, as well as pain secondary to nerve of plexus injury or operation, atypical facial pain, and central pain syndromes. Of fifty-two patients who received PHT as their first drug, twenty-four found it effective. This success rate was higher than that achieved with carbamazepine, clonazepam, and valproate.

2997. Swerdlow, M., Anticonvulsant drugs and chronic pain, Clin. Neuropharmacol., 7 (1): 51-82, 1984.

McCleane, Anesthesia and Analgesia (1999), 3263 reports on a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of patients suffering from neuropathic pain. Twenty patients, nine males and eleven females, with a mean age of forty years participated in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group A received an infusion of 1000 ml 0.9% saline (placebo) followed one week later by an infusion of 15 mg/kg PHT in 1000 ml 0.9% saline. Group B received the PHT infusion in week 1 and the placebo/saline infusion in week 2. Analyzed results indicated a statistically and clinically evident decrease in scores for burning pain, shooting pain, sensitivity, numbness, and overall pain with phenytoin. The authors conclude that intravenous phenytoin is a useful treatment for acute flare-ups of chronic neuropathic pain, when oral treatment is not effective or appropriate.

3263. McCleane, G.J., Intravenous infusion of phenytoin relieves neuropathic pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, Anesth. Analg., 89:985-988, 1999.

See also Ref.

3264. Ashburn, M.A. and Staats, P.S., Management of chronic pain, Lancet, 353:1865-1869, 1999.

3265. France, R.D. and Krishnan, K.R., Psychotropic drugs in chronic pain, 323-74, Chronic Pain, France, R.D. and Krishnan, K.R., Eds., American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC, 1988.

3266. Iacono, R.P., Linford, J., and Sandyk, R., Pain management after lower extremity amputation neurosurgery, Neurosurgery, 20: 496-500, 1987
.

Pain in Multiple Sclerosis

Matthews, Brain (1958),1342 reported the effectiveness of PHT in the treatment of painful spasms in a patient with multiple sclerosis. When PHT, 100 mg t.i.d., was prescribed, the attacks stopped within two days.

1342. Matthews, W. B., Tonic seizures in disseminated sclerosis, Brain, 81: 193-206, 1958.

Kuroiwa and Shibasaki, Folia Psychiatrica et Neurologica Japonica (1968),1243 found that PHT and/or carbamazepine where useful in suppressing the painful tonic spasms in four patients with multiple sclerosis. In a further study, Shibaski and Kuroiwa, Archives of Neurology (1974),1541 reported the successful treatment of five of seven patients with PHT alone or in combination with carbanmazepine.

1243. Kuroiwa, Y. and Shibasakil H., Painful tonic seizures in multiple sclerosis-treatment with diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine, Folia. Psychiat. Neurol. Jap., 22: 107-119, 1968.1541. Shibasaki, H. and Kuroiwa, Y., Painful tonic seizure in multiple sclerosis, Arch. Neurol., 30: 47-51, 1974.

Skillrud and Goldstein, Journal of the American Medical Association (1983),2963 reported in detail the case of a twenty-seven-year-old male physician with multiple sclerosis and paroxysmal limb hemiataxia and crossed facial paresthesias who became symptom free on 500 mg of PHT per day.

2963. Skillrud, D. M., Goldstein, N. P., Paroxysmal limb hemiataxia with crossed facial paresthesias in multiple sclerosis, JAMA, 250(20): 2843-4, 1983.

Clifford and Trotter, Archives of Neurology (1984),2396 reviewing the records of 317 multiple sclerosis patients with a wide variety of painful syndromes and therapies, reported PHT’s usefulness in the treatment of limb, facial, head and thoracic pain.

2396. Clifford, D. B., Trotter, J. L., Pain in multiple sclerosis, Arch. Neurol., 41: 1270-2, 1984.

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

Chaturvedi, Pain (1989), 3267 describes the use of phenytoin to treat a thirty-year-old patient who had been complaining of pain in the left lower limb for two years. The symptoms had begun six months after a bicycle fall. The pain (a burning of moderate intensity) started gradually in the left lower limb and over time involved the entire leg to about 3 in. above the knee. Emotional reactions, touch, and heat all increased the pain. He had been seen by several physicians, surgeons, orthopedists and physiotherapists in the past, but had not experienced any relief. Therapies tried unsuccessfully effects included: several analgesics; vitamin injections and tablets; minor tranquillizers; and tricyclic antidepressants, alone or in combination; as well as vitamin B (B1, B6, B12) given for two months without any relief. After receiving phenytoin (100 mg b.i.d) for two weeks, the patient reported a slight amelioration of his pain (20%). The dose of phenytoin was increased to 300 mg (100 mg t.i.d) and, after one month, the patient reported that he had more than 50% pain relief and was able to do his work effectively. When PHT was not taken for two weeks, the patient's symptoms worsened. On resuming PHT again, his symptoms promptly decreased. After one year of treatment, phenytoin was tapered and stopped. The patient continued to have good pain relief (75-80%).

3267. Chaturvedi, S.K., Phenytoin in reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Pain, 36: 379-380, 1989.

Koman, Barden, Smith, Pollock, Sinai and Poehling, Foot and Ankle (1993), 3268 present the case history of a patient with reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the foot. The patient, a 12-year-old girl, had injured her left foot on a lawn mower. Despite the use of analgesics, elevation, rest, crutches and protective splinting, she experienced increasing pain, cold intolerance, stiffness, and disability. Burning dysesthesia disrupted her sleep. Her foot was anhidrotic, swollen, dysesthetic and allodynic. The patient was admitted to the hospital and started on a regimen of amitriptyline (25 mg po, t.i.d), phenytoin (100 mg po t.i.d), and physical therapy with stress loading. Five days later, comparison of earlier results of the thermoregulatory and vasomotor capacity tests showed less vasomotor instability and more appropriate thermoregulatory responses. In two weeks, the patient had returned to school. At this point, she was significantly improved and fully weight bearing, although she still experienced mild allodynia (pain resulting from non-noxious stimuli to normal skin). Phenytoin was discontinued and the amitriptyline was tapered. When seen two months later, the patient had continued to improve, was taking no medications, and had normal vasomotor stability and thermoregulatory responses.

3268. Koman, L.A., Barden, A., Smith, B.P., Pollock, F.E., Sinai, S., and Poehling, G.G., Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in an adolescent, Foot and Ankle, 14(5): 273-77, 1993.

Abdominal Pain

Kellaway, Crawley and Kagawa, Epilepsia (1959-1960),551 in a review of experience with a group of 459 children who had consistent 14- and 6-per-second spike patterns on the EEG and whose primary complaints were headache and abdominal pain, found the most effective treatments were PHT and Diamoc, alone or in combination.

551. Kellaway, P.,Crawley,I.W.,and Kagawa, N., Paroxysmal pain and autonomic disturbances of cerebral origin: a specific electro-clinical syndrome, Epilepsia, 1: 466-483, 1959-1960.

Peppercorn, Herzog, Sichter and Mayman, JAMA (1978),2018 found PHT useful in the treatment of three patients with paroxysmal abdominal pain. When two of the patients stopped their medication the symptoms returned. With the resumption of the medication symptoms disappeared.

2018. Peppercorn, M. A., Herzog, A. G., Dichter, M. A. and Mayman, C. I., Abdominal epilepsy-a cause of abdominal pain in adults, JAMA, 240(22): 2450-51, 1978.

Schafler and Karbowski, Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift (1981),2928 reported six cases of paroxysmal abdominal pain occurring in association with cerebral dysrhythmias, PHT controlled or reduced the severity of the attacks in the four cases in which it was used alone. In the one case, PHT, in combination with carbamazepine, was used successfully and, in another case, carbamaxepine was used alone.

2928. Schaffler, L., Karbowski, K., Relapsing paroxysmal abdominal pains of cerebral origin, Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr., 111(37): 2352-60, 1981.

Analgesia: General

Webb and Kamali, Pain, (1998), 3679 evaluated the analgesic effects of single doses of phenytoin (300 mg), lamotrigine (300 mg), and dihydrocodeine (90 mg) (each given on four occasions) in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study in twelve non-smoking volunteers (age 20-26). A computerized cold-pressor test (CPT) was used to measure analgesia levels. Psychomotor tests were carried out before each CPT to assess possible drug-induced sedation. Subjective assessments of concentration, vigilance, and relaxation were also measured using visual analog scales. Maximum pain relief was achieved at 1.25 hours post-dose for both lamotrigine and dihydrocodeine, whereas the maximum analgesic effect of PHT occurred at 4.25 hours. There was a significant association between analgesia and plasma concentrations of both lamotrigine and phenytoin. Sedation was not seen with any of the drugs, compared to placebo. The authors suggest that both phenytoin and lamotrigine could have wider use as analgesics.

3679. Webb, J. and, Kamali, F., Analgesic effects of lamotrigine and phenytoin on cold-induced pain: a crossover placebo-controlled study in healthy volunteers, Pain, 76: 357-363, 1998.

Cancer Pain

Shah and Sharma, Pain (1990), 3270 investigated the effects of phenytoin for pain relief in patients with head and neck cancer. Sixty patients received 100 mg PHT 3 to 4 times a day and pain relief was evaluated by scoring good relief (greater than 60%), fair (30-59%), and poor (less than 30%). Phenytoin produced good pain relief, especially shooting pain, in 37.1% of the patients and fair relief in 42. 9%. Duration of pain relief was approximately 3 to 4 hours. The authors also noted PHT's usefulness in reducing hyperesthesia over post surgical scars.

3270. Shah, S. and Sharma, K., Use of phenytoin in head and neck cancer pain, Sixth World Congress on Pain, Adelaide, Australia, 1-6, April 1990, Pain, Suppl 5: S357, 1990.

Bhatia, Antiseptic (1991), 3271 assessed the effect of oral phenytoin (200-400 mg/day) on pain relief in fifty patients with proven malignancy of the head and neck. Phenytoin was beneficial in forty-five (90%) of the patients. Improvements in mood, pain tolerance and analgesic efficacy, particularly in spasmodic and throbbing pain, were remarkable. No additional anti-pain therapy was required for these terminal cancer patients from a remote, rural area of India. No adverse effects were noted. The author concludes that symptom control with PHT alone in terminal cancer patients having mild to moderate pain can be sufficient. Narcotic drugs may not be required. Importantly, as the author points out, phenytoin is safe, inexpensive and available.

3271. Bhatia, M.T., Simplified approach for relief of terminal cancer pain with phenytoin sodium, Antiseptic, 88(1): 18-22, 1991.

Bhatia, Journal of the Indian Medical Association (1991), 3272 studied the analgesic efficacy of 200-400 mg phenytoin as a sole treatment for the control of pain in cancer patients in rural India. Of the total of eighty patients, thirty-nine had carcinoma of the cervix; seventeen, breast carcinoma; and twenty-four, cancer of the head and neck. Patients experienced spasmodic throbbing, burning, sharp or cutting type pain that was assessed by an objective numerical questionnaire. Phenytoin relieved 80% of the pain and related symptoms in thirty-eight patients (47%). Twenty-three patients (29%) had pain and symptom control between 60-80%. Thirteen patients (16%) had symptom control between 40-60%. Phenytoin also improved mood and sense of well-being in seventy-two of the eighty patients.

3272. Bhatia, M.T., Anticonvulsant alone in the relief of cancer pain, J. Indian Med. Assoc., 90(11): 301-2, 1992.

Bhatia, Personal Communication (1992), 3273 presents, in tabular form, data on 30 patients treated with combined aspirin and Dilantin for terminal cancer pain. For each patient, the sex, age, type of cancer, and individual dosage and frequency of administration of aspirin and Dilantin are listed. The relief of pain, provided by the combined therapy, for each cancer patient is given.

3273. Bhatia, M.T., Combination of dilantin with aspirin in relief of terminal cancer pain, Personal Communication, 1-3, 1992.

Yajnik, Singh, Singh and Kumar, Journal of Pain and Symptom Management (1992), 3274 evaluated the efficacy of phenytoin (PHT), buprenorphine (Bu), and Bu + PHT for the relief of cancer pain of various etiologies. A randomized, double-blind one-month study of three groups, each comprised of twenty-five patients, was conducted. PHT (100 mg po twice daily) provided > 50% pain relief to eighteen patients (72%) and > 75% relief to four patients (16%). Bu (0.2 mg sublingually twice daily) gave twenty-one patients (84%) > 50% relief, and fifteen patients (60%) > 75% relief. Eight Bu-treated patients had serious side effects, while none of the phenytoin-treated patients experienced problems. Combined therapy (PHT, 50 mg po + Bu 0.2 mg SL twice daily) provided > 50% pain relief to twenty-two patients (88%) and > 75% to eighteen (72%). Only one patient experienced a serious side effect. This study suggests that phenytoin has mild to moderate pain relieving properties of its own and can significantly enhance buprenorphine analgesia. The authors state that further clinical trials of PHT in the relief of cancer pain are warranted.

3274. Yajnik, S., Singh, G.P., Singh, G., and Kumar, M., Phenytoin as co-analgesic in cancer pain, J. Pain Symp. Manage., 7(4): 209-213, 1992.

Chang, Journal of Pain and Symptom Management (1997), 3275 report the use of intravenous and oral phenytoin to control rapidly progressive severe pelvic and lower extremity pain in a 58-year-old woman with metastatic fibrosarcoma. Morphine alone,(10 mg/hr or 120 mg every 4 hours, up to 540 mg/day), intravenous and oral, failed to relieve the pain or produced unacceptable side effects. A 500 mg loading dose of intravenous phenytoin produced near complete relief of her pain within an hour. She was discharged on phenytoin (199 mg twice a day), desipramine (25 mg daily), lorazepam (0.5 mg twice a day), and morphine (120 mg every 4 hr) with good pain control. Cessation of the phenytoin led to pain recurrence and so the phenytoin was continued for 9 mos, until her death.

3275. Chang, V.T., Intravenous phenytoin in the management of crescendo pelvic cancer-related pain, J. Pain Symp. Manage., 13(4):238-240, 1997.

See also Ref.

3276. Portenoy, R.K. and Lesage, P., Management of cancer pain, Lancet, 353:1695-1700, 1999.

Wounds, Ulcers, Burns

The topical use of PHT to promote healing of skin ulcers, burns and other wounds is reviewed in the Clinical Healing section. The important benefit of topical PHT, prompt relief of pain, is discussed here.

Chikhani, Actualites Odonto-Stomato-logiques (1972),894 in a study of fifty-eight patients, with periodontal disease reported the beneficial effects of topical PHT on gingival pain as well as bleeding.

894. Chikhani, P., The use of “diphenylhydantoin sodium” in the treatment of periodontal disease, Actualities Odonto-Stomat, 98: 1-8, 1972.

Ludwig and Otto, Russian Pharmacology and Toxicology (1982),2730 in a controlled study of sixty patients with atrophic gingivitis, found topical application PHT (1% gel) controlled gum pain and heat sensitivity. Edema and gum bleeding disappeared. No effects were seen in the control group.

2730. Ludwig, R., Otto, G., Therapeutic effect of topical phenytoin application, Russian Pharmacol. Toxicol., 45(3): 101-3, 1982.

Rodriguez-Noriega, Esparza-Ahumada, Andrade-Perez, Espejo-Plascencia and Chapa-Alvarez, Investigacion Médica Internacional (1983),2911 reported a group of twenty patients with venous stasis or diabetic ulcers treated with topical PHT powder. All patients experienced rapid improvement in local pain. In the control group, pain persisted until the lesion was completely healed.

2911. Rodriguez-Noriega, E., Esparza-Ahumada, S., Andrade-Perez, J. S., Espejo-Plascencia, I., Chapa-Alvarez, R., Treatment of ulcerations in soft tissues with topical diphenylhydantoin, Invest. Med. Int., 10: 184-6, 1983.

Mendiola-Gonzales, Espejo-Plascencia, Chapa-Alvarez, and Rodriguez-Noriega, Investigacion Médica Internacional (1983),2788 reported a group of eighty patients with second-degree burns. Twenty patients were treated topically with PHT powder, ten with oral PHT, and ten with both topical and oral PHT. Bilateral burns provided control and treatment sites for the topical applications. Pain improved in five to twenty-five minutes at the treated sites, compared to twelve to fifteen hours at control sites.

2788. Mendiola-Gonzalez, J. F., Espejo-Plaseencia, I., Chapa-Alvarez, J. R., Rodriguez-Noriega, E. Sodium diphenylhydantoin in burns: effects of pain and healing, Invest. Med. Int., 10: 443-7, 1983.

Other clinical reviews and studies on the use of PHT in pain: facial pain including trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and temporomandibular joint syndrome, Refs. 2470, 2472, 2492, 2523, 2593, 2619, 2801, 2847, 2943; headache including migraine, Refs. 2317, 2492; post-herpetic neuralgia, Ref. 2474, 2657; reflex sympathetic systrophy and post-sympathectomy pain, Refs. 2492, 3040; pain in multiple sclerosis Refs. 2601, 2929; central and other chronic pain syndromes, Refs. 2452, 2460, 2492, 2756, 2784, 2997.

2470. Dworkin, S. F., Benign chronic orofacial pain. Clinical criteria and therapeutic approaches, Postgrad. Med., 74(3): 239-48, 1983.
2472. Editor, Management of trigeminal neuralgia, Lancet, 662-3, Mar 24, 1984.
2492. Fields, H. L., Raskin, N. H., Anticonvulsants and pain, Clinical Neuropharmacology, Klawans, H. L., Ed., Raven Press, New York, 173-83, 1976.
2523. Gangarosa, L. P., Mahan, P. E., Pharmacologic management of TMJ-MPDS, Ear Nose Throat J., 61: 670-8, 1982.
2593. Hier, D. B., Headache, Manual of Neurologic Therapeutics, 2nd Edition, Samuels, M. A., Ed., Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 15-29, 1982.
2619. Jannetta, P. J., Medical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, Neurological Surgery of the Ear and Skull Base, Brackmann, D. E., Ed., Raven Press, New York, 145-8, 1982.
2801. Mohr, J. P., Facial pain, Manual of Clinical Problems in Neurology, Little, Brown and Co., Boston, 97-8, 1984.
2847. Pagni, C. A., Trigeminal neuralgia, Panminerva Med., 24: 113-36, 1982.
2943. Selby, G., Diseases of the fifth cranial nerve, Peripheral Neuropathy, Vol. 1, Dyck, P. J., et al., Eds., W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 533-69, 1975.
2317. Behan, P., Migraine: a rational approach to therapy, Br. J. Clin. Pract., 36(10): 359-62, 1982.
2474. Edwards, W. T., Approaches to managing chronic pain, Med. Times, 110: 3s-11s, 1982.
2657. Kepes, E. R., Management of pain, Fundamentals of Geriatric medicine, Cape, R. D., et al., Eds., Raven Press, New York, 247-57, 1983.
3040. Urbaniak, J. R., Roth, J. H., Office diagnosis and treatment of hand pain, Orthop. Clin. North Am., 13: 477-95, 1982.
2601. Holland, N. J., Wiesel-Levison, P., McDonnel, M., Nursing care, Multiple Sclerosis, A Guide for Patients and Their Families, Scheinberg, L. C., Ed., Raven Press, New York, 111-28, 1984.
2929. Scheinberg, L., Giesser, B. S., Drug therapy, Multiple Sclerosis a Guide for Patients and Their Families, Scheinberg, L., Ed., Raven Press, New York, 45-55, 1984.
2452. Digregorio, G. J., Barbieri, E. J., Pharmacologic management of pain, Am. Fam. Physician, 27: 185-8, 1983.
2460. Dougherty, R. J., Office management of chronic pain, Postgrad. Med., 76(2): 215-18, 1984.
2756. Maciewicz, R., Bouckoms, A., Martin, J. B., Drug therapy of neuropathic pain, Clin. J. Pain, l(l): 1-10, 1985.
2784. Mehta, M., Chronic pain, Recent Advances in Anaesthesia and Analgesia, Atkinson, R. S. and Hewer, L. C., Eds., Churchill Livingstone, New York, 157-77, 1982.
2997. Swerdlow, M., Anticonvulsant drugs and chronic pain, Clin. Neuropharmacol., 7 (1): 51-82, 1984.

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Joakim
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Ok mate, cheers.. I will print out the info from the web page then. Been feeling it since august this year, and my legs are already pretty fucked up.. Man if my Dr. wont comply to the request I'll go mental on his ass. haha.
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Joakim
Oct 18 2010, 03:56 AM
Ok mate, cheers.. I will print out the info from the web page then. Been feeling it since august this year, and my legs are already pretty fucked up.. Man if my Dr. wont comply to the request I'll go mental on his ass. haha.
I AM SORRY TO HEAR THIS, AS I KNOW WHAT YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT

I HAVE READ THAT THE CHEAP GENERIC PHENYTOIN IS PRACTICALLY THE ONLY PAINKILLER (ACTUALLY IT MODULATES THE HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM'S AND OTHER TISSUES' ELECTRICAL SIGNALLING DOWN TO THE INDIVIDUAL DENDRITE LEVEL SO THAT THE REPEATED SIGNALLING OF PAIN FROM THE DAMAGED NERVE ENDINGS TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IS DAMPENED DOWN) CAN BE CRUSHED UP IN PILL FORM AND MIXED INTO A SKIN CREAM AND PUT ON THE DAMAGED AREAS...IT EVEN WORKS ON PAIN FROM DIABETIC NEUROPATHY

SO I CRUSHED UP SOME PILLS AND MIXED IT INTO A SKIN CREAM AND AM GOING TO SEE IF IT HELPS, CAUSE IT IS A DIRT CHEAP GENERIC AND IS THE ONLY DRUG THAT STOPS PAIN SIGNALS WITHOUT ANY TOXICITY TO HARM THE LIVER AND KIDNEYS..WHICH IN AND OF ITSELF MAKES IT SOMETHING OF A CHEAP GENERIC MIRACLE PILL IN MY ESTIMATION

ALSO, I TAKE IT IN PILL FORM 100 MG 3X DAILY AS MENTIONED ON THE WEBSITE I GAVE A LINK TO

YOU MIGHT WANT TO GET A SCRIP FOR IT AS WELL, OR GET IT OVERSEAS WHERE IT IS CHEAP IF YOU CAN'T

I AM NOT A MEDICAL DOCTOR, JUST A HURTING MEATSACK, SO DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH AND TALK TO YOUR DOCTOR
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